Circuit Breaker
斷路器是一種設計模式，用於防止微服務系統中的連鎖故障。當一個服務持續發生故障時，斷路器會自動「斷開」，停止向有問題的服務發送請求，轉而快速返回錯誤響應或備用方案，避免耗盡系統資源和影響其他服務。
States
- Closed - Normal operation, requests flow through
- Open - Circuit is tripped, requests fail fast
- Half-Open - Testing if the service has recovered
Benefits
- Prevents cascading failures
- Provides fallback mechanisms
- Allows services to recover gracefully
- Reduces system resource exhaustion